Eastern Prakrit features Īn example for a Western feature in Sinhala is the retention of initial /v/ which developed into /b/ in the Eastern languages (e.g.
Vibāgaya "exam" Sinhalese Prakrit viṭṭa > Modern Sinhala viṭa)
the loss of a vowel length distinction long vowels in the modern language are due to loanwords (e.g. Kanavā "to eat" corresponds to Sanskrit khādati, Hindustani khānā) the loss of the aspiration distinction (e.g. The most important phonetic developments of Sinhala include: Modern Sinhala (12th century – present). The development of Sinhala is divided into four periods: In the following centuries, there was substantial immigration from Eastern India ( Vanga Kingdom (Bengal), Kalinga, Magadha) which led to an admixture of features of Eastern Prakrits. History Īccording to the chronicle Mahavansa, written in Pali, Vanga kingdom's Prince Vijaya and his entourage merged with the Yakkha and later settlers from the Pandya kingdom. The name is sometimes glossed as "abode of lions", and attributed to a supposed former abundance of lions on the island. Siṃhala is attested as a Sanskrit name of the island in the Bhagavata Purana. The name is a derivation from siṃha, the Sanskrit word for "lion". Sinhala ( Siṃhala) is a Sanskrit term the corresponding Middle Indo-Aryan ( Eḷu) word is Sīhala. Main article: Names of Sri Lanka § Sinhala It has two main varieties, written and spoken, and is a conspicuous example of the linguistic phenomenon known as diglossia. The closest relatives are the Vedda language (an endangered, indigenous creole still spoken by a minority of Sri Lankans, mixing Sinhala with an isolate of unknown origin and from which Old Sinhala borrowed various aspects into its main Indo-Aryan substrate), and the Maldivian language. The oldest Sinhala Prakrit inscriptions found are from the third to second century BCE following the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, while the oldest extant literary works date from the ninth century. Along with Pali, it played a major role in the development of Theravada Buddhist literature. Sinhala is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka. It is written using the Sinhala script, which is one of the Brahmic scripts a descendant of the ancient Indian Brahmi script closely related to the Kadamba script. Sinhala is also spoken as the first language by other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, totaling about 4 million people as of 2001. Sinhala ( / ˈ s ɪ n h ə l ə, ˈ s ɪ ŋ ə l ə/ SIN-hə-lə, SING-ə-lə සිංහල, siṁhala, ), ( / ˌ s ɪ n( h) ə ˈ l iː z, ˌ s ɪ ŋ( ɡ) ə-/) is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka, who make up the largest ethnic group on the island, numbering about 16 million.
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